is german and polish food similar is german and polish food similar

Typical polish food is full of flavor and surprisingly vegan-friendly. Fasolka po bretonsku is the Polish version of homemade baked beans. Poles are fond of a variety of sour delicacies, pickling all sort of pickle-able vegetables such as onions, pepper, baby pumpkin, and many more. 5 Ratings. Sign up today and receive our free ilc communications card, featuring an extensive list of international holidays. 9 to 13 for 5.". 20 Best Traditional Polish Foods You Should Try 1. Dont worry - thanks to the ingredients from which the bigos is made, there is no risk of it going bad! Hi! As a native Pole, let me introduce you to some of the best Polish foods. German is quite close to other Germanic languages such as Dutch, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. Germany has a high pro-health awareness, which is manifested in a love of sport and attention to physical condition. It is especially worth trying different flavor varieties of paczki on Fat Thursday, a holiday during which the goal of every Pole is to eat as many paczki as possible! Kopytka are kind ofPolish gnocchi. When the season for these vegetables begins, you can see people buying them by the kilograms and trying to perfect their pickling technique. The location of the country and its relations with other states had an impact on the final shape of Polish cuisine. Only in Bavaria do the natives tend to celebrate this, while Poles celebrate name days on a similar level to birthdays. At the end of the war, some 380,000 Polish Jews had survived, most of whom had fled in 1939 into the former Soviet . Oscypekis a cheese made from sheeps milk, and is delicious eaten both cold or grilled. If you dont like pork, try the chicken cutlet, made the same way. So at the nearest opportunity go to the one of the polish restaurants and be sure, that you are really hungry. Contactless order. However, the Germans and Poles are far from the mentality of the Southern Europe, because in addition to the great need for fun, they have a great sense of discipline and duty. The soup is made with beets that are simmered until tender and usually blended with cucumber, radishes, and various milk products, such as yogurt, kefir, sour milk, or sour cream. Especially since the dough for uszka is prepared like pierogi, usually without the addition of eggs. Polish golabki (translating directly it means little pigeons) is cooked minced meat, often with onions and mushrooms, wrapped up in a leaf of white cabbage and stewed. It is typically made using a large amount ofbeetroots, combined with meat or bone stock and may include vegetables, such as cabbage, carrots, onions, and potatoes. An obvious problem lies in the two countries' different perceptions of the tragic past and the politicization of history, but less recognized is that they are engaging in an unprecedented level of cooperation in other spheres. I tried typical polish food: pierogi, plackie, bigos, pickles and even vodka with meat jelly - galreta. However, some restaurants specialize in serving them with other fruits - it's worth trying every offer. The main ingredients are usually tender pieces of beef and then a broth of bell pepper, carrots, mushroom, onions and paprika. Similar to the Danish meatballs, the Kotlet Mielony is a flat, pan-fried meatball but in a coating. Once you have ordered this dish, you will receive asmall pile of raw ground beefwith an egg cracked over the top. It typically includes a modifier that distinguishes a certain type of sausage, in the same way English uses "smoked" or "turkey" sausage, for example. Learn more , Complete Guide That Will Rock Your Tastebuds. Gobkitranslates literally as little pigeons, although these cabbage rolls have nothing to do with birds at all. So, just stop counting your calories and read on to learn more about 25 most popular Polish dishes that will make your mouth water! Zrazy (pronounced ZRRAH-ZIY) is essentially meat, usually beef, roulade thats cooked for several hours in a slow cooker and served with potatoes and the popular side dish of red cabbage. They are very filling and usually spicy. Sorrell grows almost everywhere in the summertime and you can sometimes spot people picking it in the forest or around town to prepare a soup. Adding a lot of cumin and pepper is a must, which gives the soup its specific sharp spicy taste. A typical way to serve the dish is with potato pancakes or buckwheat kasha (also known as toasted groats). Choice of sauted or fried.more, I even met a couple who drove 3 hours to get some polish food and beer.more, All of it was reminiscent of something I'd have at a Polish family member's or family friend'smore, So, I've had the luxury of some amazing Polish foods and markets in the US, and can be a toughmore, Great Polish food, made the old fashion way. The authentic Polish potato pancakes are a traditional comfort food eaten all over the country. If you put a scale from the carp into your wallet after your Christmas Eve meal, the following year, you will enjoy good luck. However, both Christmas and Easter Sunday are times of meeting with family and friends. (otherwise, werecommendjoiningfolk show with dinner). Copyright 20042023 Yelp Inc. Yelp, , and related marks are registered trademarks of Yelp. Nice, but not every household serves ros or kotlet schabowy at least once per week. Polish dinnerwhich is eaten around 3 oclock usually consists of two courses soup is always the first. They are puffy thick pancakes with a slice or small pieces of apple inside. They are keenly interested in other cultures, so they travel a lot and willingly go abroad, both to exotic and more homely places. Other tasty curiosities are smoked prunes and rather a far-eastern choice of spices. Its like Wiener Schnitzel, but thicker. Literally translated, this dish means Greek-style fish, so its quite obvious that the Polish borrowed this cooking style from the Greeks. 1. This soup is served cold! Meatballs are usually cooked in a sauce and less often baked in the oven. Reviews on Polish Food in Coral Springs, FL - Krakus Polish Deli, Rogie Pierogies, Old World Polish Deli, Taste of Europe, The Real Emil's European Sausage Kitchen Yelp For Businesses Write a Review Log InSign Up Restaurants Home Services Auto Services More More Filters Suggested Open Now Offers Delivery Offers Takeout Full Bar Takes Reservations This is the Polish variation ofblood sausage. The gulasz in Poland is the local version of the well-known Goulash dish, of which many Central European countries have their own recipes. The most popular fillings are meat, sauerkraut with mushrooms, spinach, buckwheat, potatoes with fried onions, pepper and cottage cheese calledRuskie which means Ruthenianpierogi (not Russian as theyre often wrongly classified), sweet cottage cheese with raisins and seasonal fruit (blueberries, strawberries and cherries), buckwheat, sweet cottage cheese or boiled potatoes with fried onions (called Russian dumplings. Probably Polands finest and most popular main course is the almighty kotlet schabowy, served with mashed potatoes and pickled cabbage. These are special crepe that is filled with sauerkraut and mushrooms, rolled up and cooked in boiling water. This dessert can be eaten hot or cold! Will you join this competition? Born in Poland in the politically-charged times of the 80-ties, raised under the sunny South African sky, she is mentally a citizen of the world. Just look for that happy couple who already did it! Grand Cracow Walking Tour (Old Town + Jewish Quarter), Wieliczka Salt Mine Guided Tour from Krakow, Auschwitz-Birkenau Guided Tour from Krakow (Shared Tour), Leonardo Da Vinci's 'Lady with Ermine' Guided Tour, the extraordinary role of soups in local cuisine. It's also a very international soup, while other dishes are more unique to Poland. Polands eclectic cuisine is full of diversity but if it were to be described in just one word, heartfelt would perhaps be the most fitting choice. Lazy Golumpki (Stuffed Cabbage) Soup. At 20, I embarked on a mission to see the world while building my career through studying and working abroad. Bigos,also known ashunters stew, is a meaty dish and the epitome of Polish cuisine. There are many names unambiguously associated with polish cold cuts, meals, and courses. Food there looks delicious. Can't wait for the trip. Choice of sauted or fried. Branding and webdevelopment by Gather Creative, Future Business Centre, London Road, Peterborough, PE2 8AN, Telephone: 07799772362Email us: hello@pabcom.co.uk. Interesting fact:In Poland, the wordBARdoes not necessarily mean the same thing as pub. Currently, the eagle wears a crown. A lot of places smoke the hock these days but that is not the real Polish way. Polish and Russian are often considered very similar. Pierogi Undeniable, pierogi is the most popular Polish food. Polish cuisine is one of the most undiscovered gastronomies of the world. In more elegant restaurants you will usually find modern versions of traditional Polish dishes although you have to pay a higher price. The Lazy Pierogi is usually served as a side dish with sour cream or crispy golden bacon bits. Get recipe for Polish potato pancakes here. Polish Poppy Seed Cake. The origins of this cake and its cooking methods come from the fact it preserves very well. Bigos a rich stew which is sometimes translated into hunters stew is made with various types of chopped meats, sauerkraut and shredded fresh cabbage. Get recipe for Zurek here and find more iconic Polish soups here. People also searched for these in Coral Springs: What are people saying about polish restaurants in Coral Springs, FL? There is also rising popularity of food from abroad like ramen, tortillas, sushi, Italian style pasta, falafel, kebab and so on. Can you include pronunciations of the Polish words? The subs ard "steamed out" so hot with the Cheese it comes with through and through. Sounds funny? It is a hearty meal that can fill you up. I fell in love with Krakow when I moved here a couple of years ago to study. Between 1939 and 1945, at least 1.5 million Polish citizens were deported to German territory for forced labor. Its one of the most popular Polish soups. With 3 million tonnes of apples grown every year, Poland produces as many apples as Spain produces grapes. The soup is served with an egg, mushrooms, white sausage, and potatoes. Often whole communities (city residents, employees of a given company or students) meet to celebrate and have fun with music, concerts, special occasions with traditional dishes, and beer. Receive expert updates on international marketing and communications, including tips and tricks to bring your digital content to life globally. I tried spinach and lentil pierogis and the ones with potatoes. Polish cuisine ( Polish: kuchnia polska) is a style of cooking and food preparation originating in or widely popular in Poland. So,letsstart with what everyone has been waiting for! No, because rosol made it into a soup list. 10 Best Polish Foods Everyone Should Try Real Dishes Locals Love in Poland Content Pierogi Bigos Placki ziemniaczane Barszcz Gobki Pczki urek Flaki Oscypek Kiebasa Polish cuisine is often an unexpected highlight of many people's trip thanks to the country's food culture that's every bit as rich as other European nations. They are served in almost all restaurants in Poland and in different variations. Choice of sauted or fried." more 2. Therefore our kitchen is naturally full of vegetarian and vegan alternatives. Alamy. If you don't like apples, you'll be glad to know that racuchy are sometimes served without them. The history of Polish kotlet schabowy dates back to the 19th century (which is way later than first recipes described in the most famous Polish cookery book Compendium Ferculorum from 1682) when the recipe was found in a cookbook by Lucyna Cwierczakiewiczowa. Many believe that this outstanding combination of flavors and nutrition can actually cure hangovers. In Germany, almost no one celebrates the name day. Alternatively, it can be filled with minced walnuts or chestnuts. During the partitions, many accretions of other countries influenced Polish cuisine. You can walk into almost any restaurant in the country and be assured you will find it on the menu. Stay with us and continue a delicious travel troughPolish famous dishes! it is eaten only once a yearon Christmas Eve, led w mietanie (Herring in Sour Cream). Its a simple meal, and since the part of the meat is quite inexpensive so was an affordable meal for the middle and lower class throughout the countrys history. Im a Polish-born citizen of the world. Like wine, one has to keep on stepping on it in a barrel. You can learn more about the purpose of cookies and how to change your browser settings. In Dutch, however, it's pronounced with a guttural sound like the German pronunciation of ch- in Ich. Ok, I was going to write a scathing review because our sandwich had something gross in it that wasn't supposed to be there that ended up ruining our lunch, and we were starving bymore, Sweet deals just for Prime members at Amazon Fresh stores, Great choices for pierogi and very good sauces to compliment. Its made from Harico beans in a thick rich stew usually served with some fresh warm bread. Fermented flour for a soup? Secret trick:A fun trick often done in Polish homes is to take leftover chicken soup from Sundays dinner and turn into tomato soup for the next day :)Meat and vegetables from the broth are frozen and then used to prepare pt for sandwiches. P.S. Traditionally, the company that invented it E. Wedel, made it only vanilla flavored, but with time more flavors like chocolate, strawberry, coconut, or caramel. Get recipe for golabki here. It is not as famous as the pierogies, though. These salads are not the same as everywhere, they consist of different combinations of finely cut vegetables that are usually raw. Where can I find Albanian, Polish, Russian, and Belgian food in the DC metro area? Their distinctive uniforms often catch people's attention as they walk through . In the middle ages, we had up to 200 days of lent every year. Although Germans spent more than four times as much in the UK, Poland was their fifth biggest destination for foreign direct investment. As for the phrase book - well, I don't know, depends on how gifted linguistically she was. You can find similar recipes in Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Greece, Turkey and Hungary. Wild mushrooms are my favorite part of Polish cuisine, 20 Best Traditional Polish Foods You'll Love, Best Travel Strollers: Honest & Updated Reviews, Best Ride On Suitcases for Toddlers (Kids Luggage for Travel), Things to Know Before Renting a Car in Italy, 25 Interesting Facts About Mexico You Probably Don't Know, Marrakech Travel Tips: What to Know Not to Get Disappointed. Typically, boiled cabbage leaves are wrapped around a filling of minced pork and rice. Wondering why Haluski or kielbasa didnt make it. Duration - 2,5h Auschwitz Tour + 1,5h Birkenau Tour + 3h Return Transport, Duration - 2h Tour + 1h 20min Transport Both Ways. German communicative behaviour is often perceived by Polish people as lacking sensitivity, direct or even arrogant, while Polish people are considered by Germans as chaotic, complex, and oversensitive. They are made from curd cheese, eggs, and flour and cooked slowly in slightly salted water. The soup is made with sour rye flour; sour rye is a naturally fermented liquid mixture of water, spices, and rye flour. Remove from boiling water with a large slotted spoon and place in a serving dish. We are warning you! Schabowy is dipped in breadcrumbs and fried in a pan. Many types are also suitable for grilling or frying! Pierogi. The proprietor, a bona- fide Polish American (named Patrick) was utterly helpful in equipping me with a sampling of polish foods I might like. This may be a starter, a main course accompanied by chopped meat or a simple desert just sprinkled with white sugar. If learning the culinary secrets of individual cultures is your passion, you will find some useful tips here. Without a doubt, these languages have a lot in common and they may sound very similar to someone who doesn't speak either. One thing I noticed is that in the US many items presented as Polish food arent actually Polish. Germany is a very ethnically and nationally diverse country, but there are some features common to the vast majority of its inhabitants. Poles love a hot bowl ofbarszcz czerwonyon a cold winters day, served with a dollop of sour cream on top and their favorite bread on the side. The gulasz in Poland is the local version. Not only do they earn considerably less, fewer people in Poland are employed and they produce a lot less for the hours they do work. I also tried many mushroom sauces and dishes that include them. There are also colored varieties that are prepared by cooking potatoes with other vegetables, for example spinach or beets. Theres a thing called Taste of Poland box on Amazon and they sent you a mix of imported goodies. 2022 Chef's Pencil   Privacy Policy & Terms of Service  Contact us. Go to Recipe. Do you want to try them right here, right now? Poland's Jewish population numbered well over three million before the war. Bakery next door :) great meats and even veggies section make it easymore, I found this place through Yelp and decided to come here because of the good ratings, and I would agree with what others have said, the good and bad (What I ordered are listedmore. These include, for example, Zalewajka, which is popular around Kielce. However, you will discover it is just as tasty as bigos prepared by the traditional method! Smalec is a very popular and traditional savoury snack that goes great with a mug of beer or a shot of vodka. Without trying them, your picture of Polish night life will never be complete! BTW, are you ready for Krakow Food Tour now? Instead, in the Polish language, kielbasa refers to all sausages. Most often it is a cheapmilk-bar that offers traditional Polish dishes. Poland's support of Ukraine in . On top of raising kids and a cat. Molded in a way that resembles little ears, uszka are typically stuffed with sauerkraut and mushrooms and served in a sweet and sour beet soup called barszcz (borsch). These are potato pancakes, usually served with sugar, sour cream or meat gulasz. Pyzy is a type of large oval-shaped dumpling (the singular being pyza) stuffed with meat, twarog cheese or mushroom stuffing and boiled in water. There are probably more similarities between Polish and English than between Polish and Hungarian. No wonder they made their way to the Christmas Eve table. Here is a list of vocabulary words that are similar in German and Swedish (and quite different from their English equivalents): "language" is Sprache in German and sprk in Swedish. Made from a rich buttery pastry and being a cheesecake with a Polish twist, the creamy top layer is made from a sweetened farmers cheese called twarog. It is often oven-baked in acrock. Goulash is prepared by long stewing and cooking over a low heat. (Please don't say Slaviya. It has its own regional varieties. Poles love to pickle food. Pierogi is already plural in Polish (pierg is singular), but in the US people love to call it pierogis which makes no sense. You can use vanilla ice cream, chocolate sauce, caramel sauce, or pecan halves for topping. As. Jun 13, 2022 - Explore Coe Decker's board "German and Polish Food" on Pinterest. There is alsokiszona kapusta, literally sauerkraut, which might appear strange, due to the method of preparation. In addition, during the summer months, Poles enjoy scrambled eggs with chanterelle mushrooms for breakfast, which is considered to be a top delight. The Dano-Norwegian form of Old Norse, which influenced English in the late Middle Ages, is . Zurek is the perfect Polish comfort food. Adding a business to Yelp is always free. So if theKrakow Food Touris not enough for you, find out what to try on your own while being in Krakow! Sweet Poland The recipe is similar to German, Jewish, and . There are dishes that can definitely be called the most famous jewels in the culinary crown of Poland. Add to cart. If you are looking for creamy soups Poland is not the place for you as almost all traditional soups are rather chunky. Nowadays, it is rarely spoken - but it lives on in the texts of Yiddish literature and the minds of Yiddish scholars who have strived to analyse its complex composition. Its served with roast vegetables, boiled potatoes, and, of course, some sauerkraut. There are many words of German origin, or perhaps originally from other languages but then borrowed into somethin. They also love soups and salads. I am sorry, but that idea is a bit too unrealistic. Chocolate Babka. Pierogi are boiled or fried and served steaming hot. It is often served with the addition of spirit and a fried egg. The Polish tripe soup is one of the heartiest and spiciest dishes on the menu, where ginger, nutmeg, pepper, and marjoram are all used in large quantities. What did people search for similar to polish food in Fairfax, VA? Poland is the 9th most populous country in Europe and just under half the size of Germany (the most populous). 24 / 45. 24 Ratings. I think this blog is terrific! This popular one-pot dish, once upon a time cooked over the fire and consisting of whatever the hunters brought home, is a meal in itself, best eaten alongside thick slices of crusty sourdough bread and butter. Interestingly, this dish was served by a young womans parents to a suitor if they rejected the marriage proposal. This delicious, flattened and breaded pork chop, whichis fried in lard or clarify butter, is quite similar to the Viennese schnitzel, and is a solid, filling, risk-free meal. The poppy-seed roll is one of Polands most popular sweet foods. Mushrooming is a very popular family activity, so, unsurprisingly, whatever is collected in the forest is eaten. Best polish food near me in Coral Springs, Florida, American (Traditional), Breakfast & Brunch, Delis. The way of perceiving reality also differs. Polish legend claims King Kazimierz fed his army with gobki before a battle outside Malbork against the Teutonic Order, and their unlikely subsequent victory has been attributed to the hearty meal ever since. Wild mushrooms are served in many ways. They are absolutely delicious and cannot be missed! The sweet variant of pierogi is also very common and most often filled with white cheese and raisins or fruit. It is likely that English would be closest to Danish or Norwegian. However, equally unsurprisingly, thats skewed very much towards the more economically powerful nation - Germany has ten times more Poles than Poland has Germans. It's a food from central Europe,. An entire plum is covered with a cocoa mass and covered with hard chocolate icing. The recipe generally changes from house to house but its very hearty and sometimes describes as the Polish version of chili. Fried carp is a national food of Poland, though it is eaten only once a yearon Christmas Eve. BrutalButcher - | 390 9 Jan 2010 #4 Hungarian is closer to Estonian and Finnish than to Polish. It is a great choice on hot days! Many of us eat zurek or bigos 1-2 times a year. But do you know why Polish food tastes the way it does? Also called German pancake or German chocolate pancakes, this is easy and savory and can be cooked and served in little more than 20 minutes. Whether youre looking for comforting fried foods, warm soups and tasty schnitzel or new tastes that you wont find anywhere else Poland is the place for you! Whereas chicken roulades often come with pickles inside and are baked or fried - depending on the recipe. See more ideas about food, cooking recipes, recipes. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); very informative had a British and Czech person review, Hi I am looking for a recipe my grandmother used to make. They can cause distress for a person who is doing their best to follow a special diet! 63 Ratings. [24] These regional specialties differ significantly from the most common Swabian filled dumplings known as Maultaschen. Each layer has to cook completely before another layer is poured over it until a giant cake is made that resembles a tree with irregular knots. Youve already heard about barszcz, but there are much more soups you can discover, so get ready! Barsz can be ordered clean without anything floating about, so dont be surprised if you get this soup in a cup! Big Ray's White Bean, Kale, and Kielbasa Soup. After steaming, pampuchy are dished up covered with savory or sweet sauce. Kielbasa Factory 161 Polish $ Poland serves up some truly exceptional soups, andchodnikis a healthy choice. Polish Fun Facts - Poland. Fried pierogi filled with sauerkraut and dried wild mushrooms is one of the twelve traditional Polish Christmas dishes! The word Uszka actually means little ears and its quite appropriate given the shape of the little mushroom or minced meat dumplings that come in the Barszcz which is a sour soup or borscht thats colored red by its beetroot base. Best polish food near me in Fairfax, Virginia. We will guide you to the most interesting places found on the culinary map of Krakow. Its served with a side of whipped sour cream with some sugar. Theyre usually eaten with boiled potatoes, or a cold salad like sauerkraut or pickled/boiled beetroots. I found it very heavy, bland, and thick. One of the varieties of szczawiowa is chodnik. Polish cuisine has a great respect forf, Meat, fish, and vegetables were preserved with salt or by the sundrying process. A little bit of Polish history will help you to understand the phenomenon ofPolish food. Then as if he knew we were about to be departing the accordion playermore, I am of German and Polish and French ancestry, and I love my pierogi's.more, I'm sure anything would have been better than wood polish. One item that intrigued this "hot mustard" lover was a jar of SUPER EXTRA HOT Cracovia mustard! Looking for copywriting agency that understands the culture, values and norms of the people you want to engage with? Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Pinkel mit grnkohl: Cooked kale and sausage is . So, when ordering the meal of the day at an inexpensive bar or restaurant you will most likely get one of many Polish soups. My Grandfather was Polish, I never knew him as he passed before I was born, but I remember my mother cooking some of these when I was a child, I didnt realize it was Polish cuisine. Amongst important languages, Dutch is the closest. The symbol of Warsaw, Poland's capital, is a mermaid. Recipe for uszka for the Christmas Eve clear borscht. When I lived in Poland, I tried almost everything. Theyre served with either boiled potatoes or bread and poured over with a thick and creamy tomato sauce. Interestingly enough, racuchy are sometimes served as the main course. Polish is a Slavic language, German is a Germanic language. Pierogi with white mushrooms and eggs recipe. Alamy. However, this is a more modern version of this dish. It is a traditional highlander's soup, which was previously prepared in a cast-iron pot over a fire by shepherds who guarded their sheep in the mountains. These sweet treats are now commercially mass made and sold in most grocery stores. ** Nutrient information is not available for all ingredients. Its one of the most common Polish candies. Some of the most popular Polish spices and herbs include: Dill No herb is used more than dill in Polish cooking. Its my mission to teach YOU how can you turn YOUR dreams of travel and career, into reality. I visited my friend in Poznan the last year and he introduced me to the most famous polish food with a modern twist. The filling is made of finely ground poppy seeds, honey, butter, raisins, and walnuts. Leniwe pierogi are another kind of Polish dumpling. You can have wild mushroom soup (a traditional Christmas Eve dish) with a drop of sour cream, wild mushroom sauce as a topping for a meaty main course, or as a filling for pierogi. Pampuchy also known as buki na parze (steamed rolls) are a kind of large, soft dumpling made from a yeast dough. It can be said that most Poles are obsessed with perfectly picked cucumbers. In practice, it is pigs blood mixed with groats, and served fried with onions. Whats worth knowing is that pickles contain probiotics, which are extremely healthy for your digestive system, giving us even more reason to enjoy them! Dzikuje Kasi za przypomnienie me mojej Mamy kuchni. The cheese has been a protected brand name in Europe since 2007 (more info about Polish cheeses here). Simply put, this is a very well-stocked Polish market that provided an Irishman, like me a treasure trove of delectable jarred, canned and prepared foods. Poles and Germans differ significantly from each other, both in terms of the styles of communication. urek is kind of sour soup and is made on a base of sourdough and meat with plenty of margery. A Polish menu is constantly enriched with new flavours, sometimes even exotic. Especially, in Poland food prices in restaurants are not so high - compared to countries in Western Europe. I remember kukulki as those candies that my grandma liked, but only allowed me to have one.